Which of the following is an example of parallel play?

Parallel play is characterized by children playing alongside each other in a similar activity without direct interaction or cooperation. In the scenario where Ava and Ben are building airports with blocks without talking, both are engaged in their own play but are doing so in close proximity to one another. This illustrates parallel play because they are engaged in similar activities but do not influence each other's play directly through communication or collaboration.

In contrast, other scenarios described involve different dynamics; for example, a child independently putting together a puzzle represents solitary play, as it involves an individual focusing on their activity without the presence or influence of another child. Lisa jumping on one foot while John plays a drum indicates a form of parallel play, but it involves more active engagement between the two children, even if not directly interacting. Meanwhile, Mike cooking while Anna sweeps the floor shows parallel activity, but again, there’s more possibility for interaction and taking turns with shared tasks that leans more toward cooperative play rather than pure parallel play. Therefore, Ava and Ben exemplify parallel play as they demonstrate simultaneous activity without the need for direct interaction.